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The Street railway journal (1902) (14574344310)
Summary
Identifier: streetrailwayjo201902newy (find matches)
Title: The Street railway journal
Year: 1884 (1880s)
Authors:
Subjects: Street-railroads Electric railroads Transportation
Publisher: New York : McGraw Pub. Co.
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries
Text Appearing Before Image:
xceedingly variable, the maxi-mum current per car being 30 amps,with sixty cars running. In othertowns, where the gradients are small,this does not exceed 15 amps, per car.There are grades of 1 in 9, and thesharpest curve is 30 ft. The trolley wire is of 00 sectionalarea, and the ears are hammered overthis, no solder being used. The polesare quite tasteful, as can be seen byreference to Figs. 11 and 12. The va-rious insulators have been supplied byEstler Brothers.; Macartney, McElroy& Company, and the Electric Tram-ways Equipment Company. Sectionboxes have been fitted at half-mile in-tervals, and feeder boxes where needed.These sectional and feeder boxes havebeen fitted up by the tramways depart-ment, and contain the necessary switches to divide eachsection of the line, lightning arresters, etc. Guard wire hasbeen erected to the requirements of the Postmaster-General,and is bonded to every fifth pole, itself being bonded bycopper bonds to the rail. Every section box and feeder box
Text Appearing After Image:
FIG. II.—VIEW SHOWING OVERHEAD CONSTRUCTION is also bonded to the rails. The guard wire in use is of No.8 iron wire galvanized. The aluminum wire has been usedas a trail, but did not give satisfaction. The rails were laid under the supervision of James Lord,A.M.I.C.E., borough engineer, and are of the steel girdertype in 30 ft., 45 ft. and 60 ft. lengths, the weight per linealyard is 95 lbs. The rails are laid on a bed of concrete 6ins. thick, and are connected by tie-rods 2 ins. x ^ in.every 10 ft. The angle-plates are six-holed and 60 lbs. in September 6, 1902.) STREET RAILWAY JOURNAL. 299 weight per pair. Anchor patent sole plates are also used,riveted to the bottom of each rail and let into concrete.The bonds are Columbia bonds. Spencers patent slipper brake is used on the cars inaddition to the ordinary hand brake. There are seventy cars at present in use, the equipments An Electric Railway to Connect Washington, Baltimoreand Annapolis The work of preparing the roadway of the W
The history of trams, streetcars or trolleys began in the early nineteenth century. The world's first horse-drawn passenger tramway started operating in 1807, it was the Swansea and Mumbles Railway, in Wales, UK. It was switching to steam in 1877, and then, in 1929, by very large (106-seats) electric tramcars, until closure in 1961. Horse Cars The first streetcar in America, developed by John Stephenson, began service in the year 1832 in New York. Harlem Railroad's Fourth Avenue Line ran along the Bowery and Fourth Avenue in New York City. These trams were a horse- or mule-powered, usually two as a team. It was followed in 1835 by New Orleans, Louisiana, which is the oldest continuously operating street railway system in the world, according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Horsecars were largely replaced by electric-powered trams following the improvement of an overhead trolley system on trams for collecting electricity from overhead wires by Frank J. Sprague. Sprague spring-loaded trolley pole used a wheel to travel along the wire. In late 1887 and early 1888, using his trolley system, Sprague installed the first successful large electric street railway system in Richmond, Virginia. By 1889, 110 electric railways incorporating Sprague's equipment had been begun or planned on several continents. Steam Cars Trams were also powered by steam. The most common type had a small steam locomotive (called a tram engine in the UK) at the head of a line of one or more carriages, similar to a small train. Systems with such steam trams included Christchurch, New Zealand; Adelaide, South Australia; Sydney, Australia and other city systems in New South Wales; Munich, Germany (from August 1883 on), British India (Pakistan) (from 1885) and the Dublin & Blessington Steam Tramway (from 1888) in Ireland. Steam tramways also were used on the suburban tramway lines around Milan and Padua; the last Gamba de Legn ("Peg-Leg") tramway ran on the Milan-Magenta-Castano Primo route in late 1958. The other style of steam tram had the steam engine in the body of the tram, referred to as a tram engine (UK) or steam dummy (US). The most notable system to adopt such trams was in Paris. French-designed steam trams also operated in Rockhampton, in the Australian state of Queensland between 1909 and 1939. Stockholm, Sweden, had a steam tram line at the island of Södermalm between 1887 and 1901. Steam tram engines faded out around 1890s to 1900s, being replaced by electric trams. Cable Cars Another system for trams was the cable car, which was pulled along a fixed track by a moving steel cable. The power to move the cable was normally provided at a "powerhouse" site a distance away from the actual vehicle. The London and Blackwall Railway, which opened for passengers in east London, England, in 1840 used such a system. The first practical cable car line was tested in San Francisco, in 1873. Part of its success is attributed to the development of an effective and reliable cable grip mechanism, to grab and release the moving cable without damage. The second city to operate cable trams was Dunedin in New Zealand, from 1881 to 1957. The San Francisco cable cars, though significantly reduced in number, continue to perform a regular transportation function, in addition to being a well-known tourist attraction. A single cable line also survives in Wellington, New Zealand (rebuilt in 1979 as a funicular but still called the "Wellington Cable Car"). Another system, actually two separate cable lines with a shared power station in the middle, operates from the Welsh town of Llandudno up to the top of the Great Orme hill in North Wales, UK. As with all large collections on Picryl, this collection is made in two steps - first, we make a manual dataset, and then, ran 25+ Million public domain images through our neural network image recognition process.
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