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Now and Then - National Parks Gallery

Now and Then - National Parks Gallery

Created by Rattlesnake Elementary School, Missoula, MT Artists: Parker and Sophia Title: Now and Then Teacher: Carrie Sweatland Theme: Science / Technology Materials: Paint, Chalk, Fabric, Glue, Yarn About: How... More

1756 Plan of the Castillo after renovations were completed.

1756 Plan of the Castillo after renovations were completed.

The surrounding outer defenses and interior room layout after the 1738-1756 remodel.

1756 Map of the Castillo de San Marcos. Showing the mid 18th Century renovations.

1756 Map of the Castillo de San Marcos. Showing the mid 18th Century r...

1756 Map of the Castillo de San Marcos. Public domain scan of architectural plan, map, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

1756 Map of the Castillo and surrounding outer defenses.

1756 Map of the Castillo and surrounding outer defenses.

1756 Map of the Castillo and surrounding outer defenses. Public domain scan of architectural plan, map, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

1763 Map of Castillo and surrounding area.

1763 Map of Castillo and surrounding area.

Map shows surrounding area and interior layout of the fort's rooms.

1763 Map featuring the Ravelin as it should have been built. The structure in front of the drawbridge never finished construction.

1763 Map featuring the Ravelin as it should have been built. The struc...

1763 Map featuring the Ravelin as it should have been built. The structure in front of the drawbridge never finished construction.

1763 map of the Castillo and surrounding area.

1763 map of the Castillo and surrounding area.

1763 map of the Castillo and surrounding area. Public domain scan of architectural plan, map, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

1763 drawing of the Castillo. - Public domain architectural drawing

1763 drawing of the Castillo. - Public domain architectural drawing

1763 drawing of the Castillo. Public domain photograph of French architecture design drawing, building plan, Paris, France, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

1763 color plan for the fortress ravelin.  The structure in front of the drawbridge was never completed.

1763 color plan for the fortress ravelin. The structure in front of t...

1763 color plan for the fortress ravelin. The structure in front of the drawbridge was never completed.

1763 Plan for the Ravelin.  Never completed.

1763 Plan for the Ravelin. Never completed.

The ravelin, structure in front of the drawbridge was never finished. This plan shows the intended design.

1797 map of St. Augustine and surrounding area.

1797 map of St. Augustine and surrounding area.

1797 map of St. Augustine and surrounding area.

1797 Map of St. Augustine - Public domain vintage map
1797 Map of the City of St Augustine

1797 Map of the City of St Augustine

The city of St. Augustine and the surrounding bay front.

Retaining wall extended - National Parks Gallery

Retaining wall extended - National Parks Gallery

Framing and rebar for the retaining wall above the tunnel entrance

Now and Then - National Parks Gallery

Now and Then - National Parks Gallery

Created by Rattlesnake Elementary School, Missoula, MT Artists: Carter, Isabella, Sophia Title: Now and Then Teacher: Carrie Sweatland Theme: Science / Technology Materials: Fabric, paint, glue, chalk, yarn Abo... More

Wildflowers bloom abundantly at El Malpais during the summer rainy season.

Wildflowers bloom abundantly at El Malpais during the summer rainy sea...

Wildflowers bloom abundantly at El Malpais during the summer rainy season.

Sandstone Bluffs and Mt Taylor in winter

Sandstone Bluffs and Mt Taylor in winter

A snowy panoramic scene from Sandstone Bluffs Overlook with mesas and Mt Taylor in the background.

Tinajas at Sandstone Bluffs Overlook on a cloudy day.

Tinajas at Sandstone Bluffs Overlook on a cloudy day.

Tinajas in the Dakota Sandstone with the McCartys lava flow on a cloudy afternoon.

A large and twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

A large and twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCartys lava flow...

A large and twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

The jagged Aa Lava of the McCarty's Lava Flow as seen against sandstone cliffs on a cloudy afternoon from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The jagged Aa Lava of the McCarty's Lava Flow as seen against sandston...

The jagged Aa Lava of the McCarty's Lava Flow as seen against sandstone cliffs on a cloudy afternoon from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Cane Cholla Cactus in bloom at El Maplais National Monument.

Cane Cholla Cactus in bloom at El Maplais National Monument.

Cane Cholla Cactus in bloom at El Maplais National Monument. Public domain scan of drawing, botanical illustration, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Nearby Mt Taylor is a good example of a Composite Volcano. It has long sloping sides that once led to a conical summit. This type of volcano is composed of layers of lava and ash.

Nearby Mt Taylor is a good example of a Composite Volcano. It has long...

Nearby Mt Taylor is a good example of a Composite Volcano. It has long sloping sides that once led to a conical summit. This type of volcano is composed of layers of lava and ash, like you would see in a layer cake.

A twisted juniper near a lava tube at Big Tubes.

A twisted juniper near a lava tube at Big Tubes.

A twisted juniper near a lava tube at Big Tubes.

A twisted and folded up ponderosa pine grows across the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

A twisted and folded up ponderosa pine grows across the McCartys lava ...

A twisted and folded up ponderosa pine grows across the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

The Rugged landscape of the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The Rugged landscape of the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The Rugged landscape of the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Rubber Rabbitbrush, also known as Chamisa, blooms at El Calderon on a fall afternoon.

Rubber Rabbitbrush, also known as Chamisa, blooms at El Calderon on a ...

Rubber Rabbitbrush, also known as Chamisa, blooms at El Calderon on a fall afternoon.

The very rare Cinder Phacelia blooming on the El Calderon Cinder Cone at El Malpais National Monument.

The very rare Cinder Phacelia blooming on the El Calderon Cinder Cone ...

The very rare Cinder Phacelia blooming on the El Calderon Cinder Cone at El Malpais National Monument.

A twisted Juniper Tree grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at dusk.

A twisted Juniper Tree grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at dusk.

A twisted Juniper Tree grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at dusk.

Interior of Big Skylight Cave. - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Interior of Big Skylight Cave. - Public Domain image, National Parks G...

The rocky interior of Big Skylight Cave. Public domain photograph of quarry, mining industry, miners, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Snow, Volcanoes, and Lava - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Snow, Volcanoes, and Lava - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...

Looking south west, the Chain of Craters cinder cones and McCartys lava flow dressed in a fresh coat of winter white as seen from Sandstone Bluffs Overlook.

The Zuni-Acoma Trail has many good examples of the ropy texture of Pahoehoe Lava at El Malpais.

The Zuni-Acoma Trail has many good examples of the ropy texture of Pah...

The Zuni-Acoma Trail has many good examples of the ropy texture of Pahoehoe Lava at El Malpais.

A twisted and weathered  juniper grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at Lava Falls.

A twisted and weathered juniper grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow ...

A twisted and weathered juniper grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at Lava Falls.

The white blossoms of Trailing Fleabane and Pink Evening Primrose bloom in spring at El Calderon.

The white blossoms of Trailing Fleabane and Pink Evening Primrose bloo...

The white blossoms of Trailing Fleabane and Pink Evening Primrose bloom in spring at El Calderon.

A stunted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at sunset.

A stunted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at sunse...

A stunted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at sunset.

The rugged McCarty's Lava Flow as seen from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The rugged McCarty's Lava Flow as seen from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The rugged McCarty's Lava Flow as seen from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The smooth and ropy texture of Pahoehoe Lava on the McCarty's Lava Flow at El Malpais National Monument.

The smooth and ropy texture of Pahoehoe Lava on the McCarty's Lava Flo...

The smooth and ropy texture of Pahoehoe Lava on the McCarty's Lava Flow at El Malpais National Monument.

Smooth, wavy textures in the lava of the McCarty's Flow along the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Smooth, wavy textures in the lava of the McCarty's Flow along the Zuni...

Smooth, wavy textures in the lava of the McCarty's Flow along the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

A tinaja at Sandstone Bluffs - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

A tinaja at Sandstone Bluffs - Public Domain image, National Parks Gal...

A tinaja at sandstone bluffs reflects the sky after a passing storm.

Ponderosa Pine Forest - National Parks Gallery

Ponderosa Pine Forest - National Parks Gallery

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is common in the upper elevations of El Malpais. The plate like, reddish-brown bark of mature trees protects the tree from fire and sometimes smells like vanilla.

Stormy Sandstone Bluffs Overlook and Tinaja

Stormy Sandstone Bluffs Overlook and Tinaja

Afternoon sun highlights Sandstone Bluffs and a tinaja on a stormy day.

Hikers exploring the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Hikers exploring the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Hikers exploring the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Snow contrasts sharply against the black lava of the McCarty's Flow at Lava Falls.

Snow contrasts sharply against the black lava of the McCarty's Flow at...

Snow contrasts sharply against the black lava of the McCarty's Flow at Lava Falls.

The rugged and jumbled slabs of the McCarty's Lava Flow with sandstone cliffs and a cloudy sky.

The rugged and jumbled slabs of the McCarty's Lava Flow with sandstone...

The rugged and jumbled slabs of the McCarty's Lava Flow with sandstone cliffs and a cloudy sky.

Blooming claret cup cactus on a lava flow at Lava Falls.

Blooming claret cup cactus on a lava flow at Lava Falls.

Blooming claret cup cactus on the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

Twisted Ponderosa Pines jam their roots into the MCcarty's Lava Flow at sunset.

Twisted Ponderosa Pines jam their roots into the MCcarty's Lava Flow a...

Twisted Ponderosa Pines jam their roots into the MCcarty's Lava Flow at sunset.

A juniper tree grows out of a crevice in the McCartys lava flow.

A juniper tree grows out of a crevice in the McCartys lava flow.

A juniper tree grows out of a crevice in the McCartys lava flow.

A stunted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at sunset.

A stunted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at sunse...

A stunted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow at sunset.

Pink Evening Primrose Blooming in springtime at El Calderon.

Pink Evening Primrose Blooming in springtime at El Calderon.

Pink Evening Primrose Blooming in springtime at El Calderon. Public domain scan of drawing, botanical illustration, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

The weathered brown trunk of a twisted and gnarled juniper continues to grow on the Bandera Lava Flow.

The weathered brown trunk of a twisted and gnarled juniper continues t...

The weathered brown trunk of a twisted and gnarled juniper continues to grow on the Bandera Lava Flow.

Rock cairns mark the route along the Zuni-Acoma Trail at El Malpais National Monument.

Rock cairns mark the route along the Zuni-Acoma Trail at El Malpais Na...

Rock cairns mark the route along the Zuni-Acoma Trail at El Malpais National Monument.

Nearby Mt Taylor is a good example of a Composite Volcano. This type of volcano has long, sloping sides leading to what once was a conical summit.

Nearby Mt Taylor is a good example of a Composite Volcano. This type o...

Nearby Mt Taylor is a good example of a Composite Volcano. It's long, sloping sides lead to what once was a conical summit. This type of volcano is composed of alternating layers of lava and ash.

Twisted Ponderosa Pine Trees grow on the McCarty's Lava Flow at Sunset.

Twisted Ponderosa Pine Trees grow on the McCarty's Lava Flow at Sunset...

Twisted Ponderosa Pine Trees grow on the McCarty's Lava Flow at Sunset.

Snow softens the dark edges of the rugged McCarty's Lava Flow from the Sandstone Bluffs Overlook.

Snow softens the dark edges of the rugged McCarty's Lava Flow from the...

Snow softens the dark edges of the rugged McCarty's Lava Flow from the Sandstone Bluffs Overlook.

Weathered Juniper Snag - National Parks Gallery

Weathered Juniper Snag - National Parks Gallery

A weathered juniper snag frames the McCartys lava flow with the Zuni Mountains in the background.

A blooming claret cup cactus grows beneath a twisted pinyon pine at Lava Falls.

A blooming claret cup cactus grows beneath a twisted pinyon pine at La...

A blooming claret cup cactus grows beneath a twisted pinyon pine at Lava Falls.

Claret Cup Cactus Bloom on a lava flow at El Malpais National Monument.

Claret Cup Cactus Bloom on a lava flow at El Malpais National Monument...

Claret Cup Cactus Bloom on a lava flow at El Malpais National Monument.

Large rock cairns mark the route on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Large rock cairns mark the route on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Large rock cairns mark the route on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Sunset at Sandstone Bluffs Overlook

Sunset at Sandstone Bluffs Overlook

Yellow sandstone takes on a pinkish hue at sunset with sandstone cliffs, McCartys lava flow and a lavender sky at sunset.

A Juniper snag grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow.

A Juniper snag grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow.

A Juniper snag grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow. Picryl description: Public domain photograph of National Park, nature, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

Rare plants like the cinder phacelia grow among the cinder cones of El Malpais.

Rare plants like the cinder phacelia grow among the cinder cones of El...

Rare plants like the cinder phacelia grow among the cinder cones of El Malpais.

Alligator Juniper - National Parks Gallery

Alligator Juniper - National Parks Gallery

Alligator juniper (Juniperus deppeana), named for their plate- like bark, grow at the northern end of their range at El Malpais.

Growing on a lava flow can present some pretty big challenges. This juniper has an almost Octopus like look to it in it's quest for survival.

Growing on a lava flow can present some pretty big challenges. This ju...

The weathered brown trunk of a twisted and gnarled juniper continues to grow on the Bandera Lava Flow. As this tree jams it roots downward in search of water and nutrients, the tree assumes the pattern of the roots.

A short, twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of a lava flow.

A short, twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of a lava flow.

A short, twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of a lava flow.

Sunset on the Bluffs - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Sunset on the Bluffs - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

The last rays of the setting sun flood the Sandstone Bluffs Overlook with a soft pink glow at sunset.

Snow highlights the McCartys flow at Lava Falls.

Snow highlights the McCartys flow at Lava Falls.

Snow highlights the McCartys flow at Lava Falls.

A twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the lava of the McCarty's Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

A twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the lava of the McCarty's Flow o...

A twisted Ponderosa Pine grows out of the lava of the McCarty's Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

A twisted and gnarled stump lies on the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

A twisted and gnarled stump lies on the McCartys lava flow at Lava Fal...

A twisted and gnarled stump lies on the McCartys lava flow at Lava Falls.

A twisted pine snag grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

A twisted pine snag grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-A...

A twisted pine snag grows out of the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Mt Taylor looms over the McCarty's Lava Flow as seen from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Mt Taylor looms over the McCarty's Lava Flow as seen from the Zuni-Aco...

Mt Taylor looms over the McCarty's Lava Flow as seen from the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

A weathered, gray Juniper Tree grows out of a lava flow at sunset.

A weathered, gray Juniper Tree grows out of a lava flow at sunset.

A weathered, gray Juniper Tree grows out of a lava flow at sunset.

Lava ropes along a crevasse in the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

Lava ropes along a crevasse in the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Aco...

Lava ropes along a crevasse in the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The McCarty's Lava Flow surrounds a Kipuka at El Malpais National Monument.

The McCarty's Lava Flow surrounds a Kipuka at El Malpais National Monu...

The McCarty's Lava Flow surrounds a Kipuka at El Malpais National Monument. Kipukas are formed when lava surrounds but does not cover pre- existing land forms, like this block of older sandstone.

A twisted and stunted Ponderosa Pine grows on the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

A twisted and stunted Ponderosa Pine grows on the McCarty's Lava Flow ...

A twisted and stunted Ponderosa Pine grows on the McCarty's Lava Flow on the Zuni-Acoma Trail.

The interior of Big Skylight Cave.

The interior of Big Skylight Cave.

The interior of Big Skylight Cave. Public domain photograph of a cave, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Cinder Cone Volcanoes line the horizon across the snowy McCarty's Lava Flow at El Malpais National Monument.

Cinder Cone Volcanoes line the horizon across the snowy McCarty's Lava...

Cinder Cone Volcanoes line the horizon across the snowy McCarty's Lava Flow at El Malpais National Monument.

A Winter Snow Dusting - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

A Winter Snow Dusting - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Fresh snow highlights the McCarty's Lava Flow and Zuni Mountains from Sandstone Bluffs Overlook.

Jewel Cave Elevator shaft - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Elevator shaft - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...

Completed concrete work at the top of the elevator shaft. Workers stand on scaffolding above a 300' drop in the shaft.

Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...

Gypsum flowers often appear transparent and ephemeral Public domain photograph of a cave, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

National parks: Sandstone - public domain image

National parks: Sandstone - public domain image

Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediments are deposited in a body of water, and then are cemented together by minerals leached from the water or sediments. Sandstone and limestone are common examples... More

Jewel Cave Calcite Breakdown - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Calcite Breakdown - Public Domain image, National Parks Gal...

Calcite crystal broke and fell off of the limestone walls of the cave. Underneath the fracture a gypsum formation can be seen.

National parks: Boxwork - public domain image

National parks: Boxwork - public domain image

Boxwork and calcite crystal Public domain photograph of a cave, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Jewel Cave Gypsum Beard - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Gypsum Beard - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

A dense collection of gypsum crystals and fibers forms a Gypsum Beard with calcite crystals behind

Broken Popcorn Stalagmite - National Parks Gallery

Broken Popcorn Stalagmite - National Parks Gallery

Another example of a broken hollow popcorn stalagmite.

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Gypsum Beard

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Gypsum Beard

A delicate Gypsum Beard hanging from cave ceiling Public domain photograph of a cave, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Popcorn Stalagmite

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Popcorn Stalagmite

Stalagmite covered with calcite popcorn Public domain photograph of a cave, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Jewel Cave Dogtooth Spar - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Dogtooth Spar - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Dogtooth spar is a form of calcite crystal with very sharp points.

National parks: Stalactites - public domain image

National parks: Stalactites - public domain image

Stalactites form hanging from the ceiling as water containing calcium carbonate drips down and leaves deposits behind

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Popcorn Stalagmites

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Popcorn Stalagmites

Multiple stalagmites covered with calcite popcorn, with broken stalagmite visible on right

Broken hollow stalagmite - National Parks Gallery

Broken hollow stalagmite - National Parks Gallery

Stalagmites can form with hollow cores. This broken one is a particularly good example.

Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery
Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public domain natural history illustration

Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public domain natural history illustration

These fractal-like gypsum flowers resemble new growth on ferns just starting to unfurl

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloon

Tourist Attraction - Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloon

Several Hydromagnesite Balloons Public domain photograph by National Parks Administration, nature conservation, tourism, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

National parks: Manganese - public domain image

National parks: Manganese - public domain image

A floor of fractured manganese deposits below a section of calcite crystal spar

Jewel Cave Broken Stalagmite - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Broken Stalagmite - Public Domain image, National Parks Gal...

A cross section of a broken stalagmite shows the various rings and patterns created over periods of deposition

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloons

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloons

Two Hydromagnesite Balloons Public domain photograph by National Parks Administration, nature conservation, tourism, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public Domain image, National Parks Gallery

Jewel Cave Gypsum flowers - Public Domain image, National Parks Galler...

Delicate curved 'petals' of gypsum flowers Public domain photograph of quarry, mining industry, miners, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloons

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloons

Two Hydromagnesite Balloons Public domain photograph by National Parks Administration, nature conservation, tourism, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloons

Jewel Cave Hydromagnesite Balloons

Two Hydromagnesite Balloons Public domain photograph by National Parks Administration, nature conservation, tourism, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Calcite and Paleofill - National Parks Gallery

Calcite and Paleofill - National Parks Gallery

Calcite crystal colored red by iron from paleofill Public domain photograph of a cave, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

National parks: Stalactites - public domain image

National parks: Stalactites - public domain image

Stalactites form hanging from the ceiling as water containing calcium carbonate drips down and leaves deposits behind

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