Molded Plaque Depicting a Mandala of the Eight Bodhisattvas

Mandala is a representation of the universe and of enlightenment. In two-dimensional form, it looks as circles enclosed in squares drawing. Thangka and Mandala both belong to the visual category of the art of Buddhist enlightenment. Topics of thangkas include Buddhas, bodhisattvas, Dharma protectors, masters, mandala... Thangkas of meditation deities also serve as a tool for visualization during meditation, by helping the practitioner getting used to the different states of the mind. Dating back to the 7th century A.D, thangka painting is one of the greatest art forms of Asia. Thangkas are considered Buddhist iconography, each painting will symbolically represent divinities and passages based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India with a long and rich history. The region has been inhabited for thousands of years, and it has been ruled by a number of different empires and dynasties over the course of its history. The state has been an important center of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain religious and cultural traditions, and it has been a major center of learning and scholarship. In more recent times, Uttar Pradesh played a significant role in India's struggle for independence from British rule. Here are some major events in the history of Uttar Pradesh: Indus Valley Civilization: The region that is now Uttar Pradesh was home to one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2500 BCE. Maurya Empire: In the 4th century BCE, the Maurya Empire, which was centered in present-day Bihar, conquered the region and made it a part of its vast empire. Gupta Empire: In the 4th century CE, the Gupta Empire, which was also centered in present-day Bihar, conquered the region and made it a part of its empire. The Gupta period is considered a golden age in Indian history, and it saw a flowering of arts, sciences, and culture. Mughal Empire: In the 16th century, the Mughal Empire conquered the region and made it a part of its empire. The Mughal period was a time of great cultural and artistic achievement, and it saw the construction of many important landmarks in the region, including the Taj Mahal in Agra. Indian Rebellion of 1857: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny or the First War of Independence, was a major uprising against British rule in India, and it had a significant impact on the region that is now Uttar Pradesh. Independence and partition of India: In 1947, India gained independence from British rule, and the region that is now Uttar Pradesh became a part of the independent nation. The same year, the country was partitioned along religious lines into two countries: India and Pakistan. This event led to widespread violence and displacement in the region.